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Julián Besteiro Fernández (21 September 1870 – 27 September 1940) was a Spanish socialist politician, elected to the Cortes Generales and in 1931 as Speaker of the Constituent Cortes of the Spanish Republic. He also was elected several times to the town council of Madrid. During the same period, he was a university professor of philosophy and logic, and dean of the department at the University of Madrid. ==Early life== Born in Madrid, he was educated in the Institución Libre de Enseñanza, and studied in the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters at the University of Madrid, as well as at the Sorbonne in 1896, the Universities of Munich, Berlin and Leipzig in 1909-1910. In 1908, he joined the Partido Radical (Radical Party) established by Alejandro Lerroux. He became a member of the ''Agrupación Socialista Madrileña'' (the socialist circle in Madrid) in 1912. That year he was offered the Chair of Fundamental Logic in the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters at the University of Madrid. Soon after, Besteiro became a member of Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT) trade union, and of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).〔Jackson, Gabriel. ''The Spanish Republic and The Civil War, 1931-1939.'' Princeton University Press. Princeton. 1967. p. 470〕 In 1913 he married Dolores Cebrián, a professor of physics and natural science at the teachers' training college in Toledo. In 1917, after the general strike, Besteiro was among many members of the strike committee tried in Madrid; he was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment. Following his release under the amnesty campaign, he was elected as a member of the town council of Madrid.〔 ==Entry into electoral politics== The following year, Besteiro was elected to the Cortes Generales (Spanish Parliament) as deputy for Madrid.〔Jackson, Gabriel. ''The Spanish Republic and The Civil War, 1931-1939.'' Princeton University Press. Princeton. 1967. p. 470〕 During the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera, Besteiro favored collaboration by the socialists with the leader. De Rivera offered UGT participation in governing the country. To a certain extent, the arrangement in the mid-1920s appeared to be a success. Opinion within the PSOE turned against Besteiro as the Primo de Rivera regime became more unpopular during the economic downturn as part of the Great Depression. By the mid-1930s, Besteiro became politically isolated in his opinions on collaboration. This was opposed by the republican front established by the Pact of San Sebastián.〔Jackson (1967), ''The Spanish Republic and The Civil War, 1931-1939.'', p. 28〕 Bestiero had also opposed the participation of UGT in the 15 December 1930 general strike. At a joint meeting of the PSOE and UGT in February 1931, Besteiro resigned as President of both the party and the union. (Note: Paul Preston writes that Besteiro resigned as president of the union in 1934.〔Preston, Paul. ''The Spanish Civil War. Reaction, Revolution & Revenge,'' Harper Perennial, 2006, p. 71〕) In 1931 he was elected a councillor of the Madrid town council. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Julián Besteiro」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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